Deep in the mystery of geyser

              

Let's start with a story. Two friends Ikram and Rifat love to travel. Ikram is a good photographer, and Rifat is a brave one. One day they went to Yellowstone National Park in America. While Ikram was taking a picture of nature, Rifat stood in front of a water reserver and said, "Take a picture of me". When Ikram focused the camera and clicked the capture button, he noticed smoke coming out of the ground next to Rifat. He shouted. Rifat comforted him and said, "Listen! Don't be afraid like a baby, but let's see what happened".

Then the earth burst, and the water began to rise at high velocity, and they were amazed. And together, they said, "Great!"

Not surprisingly, this is actually Geyser.

Due to special hydrogeological conditions, by breaking the thin layer of the earth's surface, hot water, and steam from the ground (temperature is above 100 °C) erupt at certain intervals with a certain duration (maximum 10 minutes), up to several feet (maximum 25 feet) upward, as a pitcher or fountain is called a Geyser.

Figure: Geyser Animation (Source: Wikipedia)

This is a rare occurrence. At present, there are about one thousand geysers worldwide. There are about four hundred and sixty-five active geysers in Yellowstone National Park of America. This is where the world's oldest Faithful Geyser is active. From that, every 35-120 minutes, the sprout is released up to 106-185 feet above about 1.5-5 minutes duration.

    Figure: World's largest geyser (Image source: Byapon Magazine)  

Also notable are Dolina Geiserov of Russia, El Tatio of Chile, and Taupo Volcanic Zone of New Zealand Geyser of the entire region of Iceland.

     Figure: Worldwide distribution of geysers. (Image source: Byapon Magazine)  

Geyser Creation:

Geysers are created for three geological reasons -

1. Extreme heat: The presence of intense heat-generating substances, such as hot rocks, and magma, is essential for the creation of geysers. This is why it occurs in volcanic areas.

2. Presence of water: In the presence of a large water reservoir on the surface, it is essential to contact the intense heat of water down to 20 meters from the earth under the pull of gravity.

3. Thin earth surface and water channel system: To get the water out from the ground at high pressure, the earth's surface needs to be thinner.

Hot water is introduced in four steps:

1. Steam comes out of hot water

2. Toggle water flows upward (a water bubble-like state, which is likely to burst at any time)  

3. Thin earth surface rupture

4. Water should be sprayed at a high velocity

        Figure: Steps of geysers formation (Image source: Byapon Magazine)  

Source: Howstuffworks, YouTube, and Wikipedia. (The Bangla version was previously published in Byapon Magazine and the online portal Sky.bishwo.com )